Neurology

Learning & Developmental Disorders

Asperger's Syndrome Learn More

Defining Asperger's Syndrome
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include Asperger's syndrome, a rare neurological condition marked by poor social and communication abilities. People who are affected often exhibit limited, recurring patterns of behaviour and interests, as well as communication challenges both verbally and nonverbally. There is no speech delay in Asperger's syndrome, which is one of the main distinctions between autism and Asperger's syndrome. Delayed motor skills are frequently seen in Asperger's syndrome and the affected person may appear clumsy and uncoordinated.

ADH Disorder Learn More

Explaining Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A lack of focus An individual with hyperactivity, impulsive behaviour and trouble paying attention has hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a behavioural disorder. Although the early symptoms may be noted in children, ADHD can persist until adolescent or adulthood. Long into adulthood, symptoms including poor impulse control, disorganisation and low attention may still be present.

Autism Learn More

Describing autism
One of the spectrum of disorders includes autism. It is a developmental disease that can lead to difficulties in social interaction, verbal communication and behaviour. Autism is typified by difficulty interacting socially, including eye contact, behaviour difficulties such as repeated habits and narrowed interests. A person with autism may be extremely competent or severely challenged in their capacity to learn, think and solve issues. Depending on the severity, the right therapy and assistance will be needed.

Dyslexia Learn More

Understanding dyslexia
Despite conventional schooling, sufficient IQ and societal changes, dyslexia causes trouble learning to read. It is a learning disability that is typically characterised by issues with speech recognition, which impairs the ability to learn how to connect letters to words. An individual's fundamental capacity to function in our society is hampered by dyslexia. As kids learn to read, the symptoms of this illness become more obvious.

Eating Disorders

Anorexia Learn More

Identifying anorexia
A psychological eating problem called anorexia is characterised by unusually low body weight, which is typically attained through restricting food intake. Extremely harmful and even fatal, this illness. It is characterised by a strong dread of gaining weight, which drives people to act in extreme ways, including starving themselves, vomiting after eating, abusing laxatives, diuretics, or enemas, or overexerting themselves. Although anorexia can strike at any age, it most frequently affects young women and usually begins in the middle of adolescence. It could also be a way for some individuals to deal with other emotional issues.

Binge-Eating Disorder Learn More

What Exactly Is Binge-eating Disorder
Periods of excessive overeating are the hallmark of binge-eating disorder, which is frequently observed in people who also have an underlying mental health problem like depression or anxiety. When bingeing episodes are frequent and are accompanied by feelings of shame and concern about one's eating habits, binge eating typically develops into a disorder.

Bulimia Nervosa (Female Only) Learn More

The definition of bulimia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person loses control over their appetite, consumes excessive amounts of food and then goes on to use inappropriate and drastic weight-loss methods, such as vomiting right after eating, starving themselves, abusing laxatives, diuretics, or enemas, or over-exercising. One's mental health may be severely affected by this illness and the person may become obsessed with their appearance. Although bulimia nervosa can strike at any age, it is more frequently found in young women and usually begins in the early stages of adulthood.

Nervous System Disorders

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Learn More

Explaining what amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is.
A neurodegenerative disease that affects the nerve cells in charge of regulating voluntary muscular movements is called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It takes place in regions of the spinal cord where nerve cells that signal and regulate muscles are located in part. Motor neurons, which allow the brain and voluntary muscles to communicate and enable optimal coordination and movement, gradually disappear in people with ALS. Loss of the capacity to carry out deliberate actions, such as eating, speaking, moving, breathing, etc., can result from this.

Myasthenia Gravis (PNS) Learn More

The definition of Myasthenia Gravis
An autoimmune condition called myasthenia gravis weakens the skeletal muscles, or the muscles that are controlled voluntarily and are used mostly for movement. Impaired connection between the nerve cells and the muscle causes the condition. Since this dysfunction prevents the occurrence of required muscular contractions, it may eventually cause muscle weakening. The muscles of the face, eyes, arms and legs are frequently affected.

Multiple System Atrophy (ANS) Learn More

How Multiple System Atrophy effects your body
A rare nervous system condition known as Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is characterised by a large loss of nerve cells in many regions of the brain. Formerly known as Shy-Drager syndrome, this condition may cause the autonomic nervous system-which regulates involuntary processes including blood pressure, bladder control, breathing, movement, etc. to become dysfunctional. According to the fundamental characteristics of parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia, respectively, there are two subtypes of this disorder: parkinsonian type (MSA-P) and cerebellar type (MSA-C).

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Alzheimer's Disease Learn More

The definition of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition that worsens with time and affects memory and thinking capacity as a result of brain cell loss. It accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases (memory loss). Alzheimer's has no known cure, but there are medications that can halt its progression. People who have this illness could have trouble performing routine duties and lose their independence. The rate at which Alzheimer's disease progresses varies. While some people may have modest cognitive impairment for a long time, others often have symptoms appear more suddenly and the disease advances more quickly.

Frontotemporal Dementia Learn More

Defining frontotemporal dementia
In frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative illness, the frontal or temporal lobes of the brain begin to deteriorate and dementia begins to set in. The brain region in question is in charge of personality, behaviour and language. FTD often starts between the ages of 45 and 65. After Alzheimer's disease, it ranks as the second most frequent cause of primary dementia. It may result in personality and behaviour changes, language difficulties, cognitive issues, or memory issues.

Lewy Body Dementia Learn More

Explaining Lewy Body Dementia
One of the main kinds of progressive dementia, Lewy body dementia is distinguished by the development of Lewy bodies-protein aggregations-in the nerve cells. These aggregations alter the brain's chemical balance, impairing thought, movement, behaviour and emotion. Over time, this may result in a decline in mental capacity as well as visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not there), drowsiness, tight muscles, sluggish movement and tremors.

Parkinson's Disease Learn More

The definition of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurological condition brought on by the loss of brain nerve cells (neurons), which lowers dopamine levels. Reduced dopamine levels can cause aberrant brain activity since dopamine serves as a chemical transmitter. Movement is typically affected by this illness, which frequently begins with tremors.

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Learn More

How do you define progressive supranuclear palsy?
A rare brain illness called progressive supranuclear palsy is distinguished by damage to the brain's nerve cells, which is predominantly brought on by tau protein aggregation. Movements (walking and balancing), swallowing and vision are all impacted by the impairment. Clusters of nerve cells that regulate eye movements have been harmed. The disease could deteriorate over time and result in potentially fatal complications.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Essential Tremor Learn More

Defining Essential Tremor
A degenerative neurological disorder called essential tremor is typified by tremors, generally in the hands or arms. An unintentional, rhythmic shaking or movement of a physical component is referred to as a tremor. Simple chores like drinking water from a glass or tying shoes become challenging because of the related tremors, which are typically brief and fast motions that typically affect the hands. As such, the tremors are not harmful, but they can get stronger over time and interfere with fine motor skills like writing, eating, or drinking.

Fibromyalgia Learn More

Recognising Fibromyalgia
A chronic condition known as fibromyalgia causes widespread pain, exhaustion, mental decline, depression, disturbed sleep and symptoms of the digestive and endocrine systems. Although the specific origin is unknown, it is thought that the brain magnifies the pain that is felt in the muscles and soft tissues. Fibromyalgia is diagnosed by ruling out other potential reasons because there are no tests for it. 2 to 8% of people are thought to be affected with fibromyalgia. Women are roughly seven times as likely as men to develop this disorder.

Chronic Neurological Disorders

Epilepsy Learn More

Identifying epilepsy
A neurological condition that affects people of all ages is epilepsy. The symptoms of this illness include repeated seizures, episodes of strange behaviours, sensations and occasionally loss of awareness. Seizures can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as diseases, aberrant brain development, or brain damage, which can alter the typical pattern of neuronal activity. The presence of at least two unprovoked seizures is necessary for an epilepsy diagnosis.

Migraine Learn More

What Are Migraines?
Migraines are extremely painful, recurring headaches that are typically one-sided. Sensory warning signs and other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting and an excessive sensitivity to light and sound, may precede or be present along with them. Migraine can produce moderate to severe throbbing or pulsing pain and in some cases, warning indications known as aura may appear. Visual disturbances, light flashes, or tingling or disturbances on one side of the face or arm are examples of aura. A migraine attack may linger for several hours or even days.

Demylenating Disorders

Multiple Sclerosis Learn More

Describing Multiple Sclerosis
The most prevalent central nervous system ailment that affects the brain and spinal cord is multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive, chronic neurological condition. The immune system attacks the myelin, the nerves' protective covering, in this disorder, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body and causing temporary or permanent nerve damage. Relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis, primary progressive multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome are among the various forms of MS.

Neuromyelitis Optica Learn More

Understanding Neuromyelitis Optica
Neuromyelitis Optica and myelitis of the spinal cord are the main symptoms of the condition known as neuromyelitis optica. Devic's disease and Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder are other names for it. It happens when the immune system of the body attacks its cells, leading to demyelination (damage to the nerves' protective sheath), primarily of the optic nerves and spinal cord, which causes eye pain and occasionally even causes eyesight loss.

Psychiatric Disorders

Bipolar Disorder Learn More

Defining Bipolar Disorder
Extreme and unexpected mood and energy swings are signs of bipolar disorder, a mental health disease. Significant changes in activity levels and the capacity to do daily duties might also result from it. Extreme mood swings from mania to sadness are brought on by it. Sleep, energy, cognition, activity and behaviour are all impacted by mood fluctuations. It is a complex disorder with an unknown aetiology that involves both environmental and genetic elements. Bipolar disorder can increase mortality, notably suicide and cause cognitive and functional impairment. Regardless of nationality, ethnic background, or socioeconomic class, it affects more than 1% of the world's population.

Depression Learn More

Understanding Depression
A serious mood condition is depression, sometimes known as major depressive disorder. People may feel depressed, irate, sleep deprived and uninterested. To be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be persistent for at least two weeks depression can result in a variety of mental and physical issues. Atypical depression, also known as situational depression, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder, postpartum/peripartum depression, psychotic depression, major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder are all examples of depression.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Learn More

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A prevalent disorder known as obsessive-compulsive disorder is typified by obsessions, compulsions, or both. Obsessions, which are uncontrollable, recurrent urges or ideas and compulsions, which are repetitive behavioural or mental activities that a person feels compelled to carry out again, are examples of these.

Schizophrenia Learn More

Defining schizophrenia
The ability of a person to think clearly and control their emotions can be affected or distorted by schizophrenia, a difficult, chronic, psychotic neurological condition. Additionally, it might impair one's judgement, capacity for decision-making and interpersonal relationships. Although schizophrenia can strike at any age, it is most frequently seen in people between the ages of 16 and 30. It combines hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there), disordered thinking and behaviour with delusions (false beliefs that are not present in reality). schizophrenia frequently results in a high degree of disability because to the intensity of its symptoms and its persistent pattern.

Panic Disorder Learn More

Panic Disorder Definition
An individual who suffers from panic disorder will frequently have unplanned panic attacks. A panic attack is a quick onset of extreme fear or terror that can climax in a matter of minutes. Attacks may happen suddenly or may be brought on by a circumstance or object. The person might feel helpless, out of control, like they're having a heart attack or even on their deathbed as a result of strong physical reactions that may occur with no real threat.

Phobic Disorders Learn More

What Are Phobia Disorders?
A phobia is described as an uncontrollable fear of particular things or circumstances. Even though the phobia is unreasonable, the sufferer is powerless over their terror. Agoraphobia (fear of any area that can trigger panic or embarrassment) and specific phobias are just a few of the disorders together referred to as "phobic disorders" When confronted with the phobia's source, those with phobic disorders will suffer severe distress.

Personality Traits

Cognition

Mathematical Ability Learn More

Definition of Mathematical Ability
The capacity to learn and comprehend mathematical concepts and skills is referred to as mathematical ability. It is also the capacity to process and remember mathematical data and information. It can also be seen as the capacity to perform well on mathematical tasks and efficiently solve mathematical problems. The foundation of science, technology and engineering is mathematics, which is also distinctively human at more advanced levels (such as number theory and algebra). A person's competence in mathematics can be crucial in many facets of life. Even though other animals have shown signs of numerosity, only humans are capable of complicated mathematics.

Cognitive Ability Learn More

Assessing Cognitive Ability
The mental capacity to adjust oneself to newly learned knowledge is known as cognitive ability. It is more interested in the processes involved in knowing, remembering, learning, abstract thought, problem-solving and reasoning than it is in the knowledge itself. Planning, understanding difficult concepts and learning from experience are additional requirements. People with high cognitive abilities are better able to learn and understand information, which is necessary for them to do their jobs to the greatest standards.

Motor Learning and Performance Learn More

Defining Motor Learning and Performance
For one to operate and carry out daily tasks effectively, one must be able to learn and use motor abilities. This capacity is particularly important for rehabilitation when dealing with neuropsychiatric diseases. These processes are significantly influenced by neural plasticity, which is the capacity of neurons (brain cells) to adapt their structure and function in response to changes in their environment. An individual's capacity for learning and performing motor tasks may be influenced by genes that play significant roles in various brain processes, including learning and memory.

Memory Processing Learn More

The definition of memory processing
The capacity to encode information, store it and retrieve it as needed is known as memory processing. Retention of information has an impact on actions and occurrences in the future and memory is important for experiences. Alterations in the genes and neural processes involved in long-term information processing and storage are the main reasons of poor memory retention. Our capability to retain information alive and accessible for reference strongly influences our ability to engage with our surroundings successfully. Memory processing is a highly sophisticated and inheritable trait that is essential for attention and following directions as well as other high-level functions.

Reading Ability Learn More

What Exactly Is Reading Ability?
The ability to process literature, comprehend its meaning and apply it to one's prior knowledge is referred to as reading ability. This may depend on a person's capacity for quick and effortless word recognition as well as their intellectual development, which can affect how they organise their thoughts. One may understand and interpret text on any reading material with the use of reading skills.

Visual Ability Learn More

Understanding Visual Capability
Based on cognition, visual ability is the capacity to distinguish between and recognise faces, words and things. The interaction between the eyes and the brain is known as vision. It enables us to comprehend what we observe. The ability to adapt to and respond to changes in the environment is also a component of vision. One component of visual aptitude is the recognition of facial expressions, which is crucial for human social development. It aids in comprehending how things are similar and different. The capacity to associate colours and shapes is another aspect of it.

Language Ability Learn More

Explaining Language Ability
One's genes play a role in determining one's potential to build highly sophisticated linguistic systems, but one's environment can also have an impact. Language ability involves the connections that are made between procedural memory, sound pattern learning and grammar learning. The main reason why people have such wide variations in their language abilities is probably due to how the human brain is organised and some peripheral organs that are necessary for the language system. By putting the brain under stress to understand, negotiate meanings and communicate in various linguistic systems, learning a foreign language helps it work more effectively.

Risk Taking Learn More

Defining Risk-Taking
Actions involving danger or risk that could have unpleasant or unwanted outcomes are referred to as risk-taking. Any conscious or unconscious behaviour with a lack of clarity about the results or potential rewards qualifies. Neurotransmitter dopamine is linked to a propensity for taking risks. The tasks connected to self-reported real-life risk behaviours are used to assess the risk-taking propensities. Substance abuse is a risk-taking behaviour that is sometimes connected with unfavourable results. The physical, financial, or psycho-social well-being of oneself or others may be harmed by such behaviour.

Insightfulness Learn More

What Exactly Is Insightfulness?
A clear, profound and occasionally abrupt comprehension of a challenging issue or circumstance is referred to as insight. It is generally accepted that the change in organisational thinking on the issue and how it is represented occurred on the spur of the moment. An person may also refer to it as flexibility in divergent thought. One's ability to think critically can change as a result of changes in the dopamine-related circuits, which may also result in less effective problem-solving.

Decision-Making Ability Learn More

How Decision-Making Ability works
The ability to make decisions is a subset of cognitive ability and information improves decision-making. The three main functions of the brain are cognition, intelligence and decision-making. Daily decisions we make can help us become better decision-makers. Decisions are made either logically or intuitively, or often both at once. A person's capacity for information identification and problem-solving makes up their decision-making ability.

Resilience Learn More

Defining Resilience
Resilience is the capacity to cope effectively with short-term stress, long-term trauma, or other types of adversity. Dopamine levels rise when a person encounters a negative stimuli. Dopamine, however, only works in moderate doses. The optimal level of dopamine is maintained by certain enzymes. Anxiety and impulsive behaviour can be brought on by high amounts of dopamine remaining in the body for prolonged periods of time as a result of changes in the structure of these enzymes. The brain engages numerous neural circuits to adjust to the demand when a situation is deemed stressful. Short-term or long-term alterations might result in resilience or adaptation to stress.

Stress Response Learn More

Stress Response Definition
The capacity to cope well with acute stress, trauma, or persistent kinds of adversity is known as the stress response or stress adaption. Dopamine levels rise when a person encounters a negative input, but dopamine is only useful in little doses. The optimal level of dopamine is maintained by certain enzymes. Anxiety and impulsive behaviour can be brought on by high amounts of dopamine remaining in the body for prolonged periods of time as a result of changes in the structure of these enzymes. The brain engages numerous neural circuits to adjust to the demand when a situation is deemed stressful. Short-term or long-term alterations might result from stress adaptation.

Imagination Learn More

Our Imagination
Humans can explore ideas and concepts that are not now part of their everyday life thanks to their imagination. Imagination can be artificial or original. Utilising synthetic imagination involves blending thoughts and real experiences that a person has had. Conversely, having a creative imagination involves thinking like a child and the capacity to perceive something that does not currently exist. Everyone is capable of using their imagination to some extent. Different people have varying degrees of this skill. It may be extremely developed for some people and appear weaker in others.

Temperament

Gambling Risk Learn More

What is the Risk of Gambling?
With symptoms resembling those of substance abuse disorders, pathological gambling is essentially an impulse control disease. A certain section of the brain is linked to the neurobiological basis of gambling risk injury to this region might result in a person making decisions that are very dangerous. Studies have shown a genetic influence on the emergence of pathological gambling, along with various other biological aspects. Significant psychological and psychiatric health problems have been connected to gambling risk generally speaking, accessibility to gambling activities tends to enhance its prevalence. One might take preventive actions by having awareness of their propensity for gambling.

Aggression Learn More

Defining aggression
Anger that has a threatening or domineering quality, or physical or verbal actions that could cause harm to someone or something, are all examples of aggression. A chemical called serotonin aids in controlling mood and behaviour. Any genetic abnormalities that affect serotonin's ability to act normally might increase or decrease aggressive behaviour, with those who have lower serotonin levels being more prone to it. Clinical indicators of aggressive behaviour include short-term stomach discomfort, a quick heartbeat, perspiration, sensations of stress and tension, an inability to maintain calm, an easy tendency to become offended and feelings of embarrassment.

Harm Avoidance Learn More

Defining Harm Avoidance
A temperamental feature known as harm avoidance is characterised by apprehension, scepticism, excessive concern and pessimism, typically in response to indications of punishment or irritable non-reward. Harm avoidance might manifest as anxiety and worry about potential problems and issues, reserve in social situations, or dread of the unknown. Even in settings that typically do not affect persons with low damage avoidance scores, people with a high level of pain avoidance have a tendency to be socially restrained, cautious, reserved, apprehensive, tense, afraid, quickly exhausted and gloomy.

Impulsivity Learn More

Understanding Impulsivity
In situations where a more deliberate response is typically more suitable, impulsivity is a hasty reaction. In the brain, dopamine and serotonin play crucial roles imbalances or genetic variations in these roles may have an impact on one's mental health. Numerous psychiatric and mood illnesses can cause impulsivity the severity of impulsive behaviour can differ from person to person and can also depend on age. Impulsive behaviour can make someone aggressive, impatient, risk-taking, overreact to their own errors, or engage in drug or alcohol misuse they might also fail to consider the effects of their actions.

Neuroticism Learn More

What Exactly Is Neuroticism?
One of The Big 5 personality qualities is neuroticism. People who score highly on the neuroticism scale are more likely to be moody, irritable, depressed, lonely and they may also regularly feel angry, worried, guilty, afraid, anxious and lonely. They tend to perceive everyday circumstances as threats more often. High neuroticism indices increase the likelihood of developing mood and anxiety problems in individuals. These people frequently react poorly to stimuli and can be extremely sensitive to environmental stress. While those with low neuroticism scores are more likely to remain composed and even-tempered under pressure.

Novelty Seeking Learn More

Describe novelty seeking
A person who exhibits novelty seeking has a strong preference for exploratory activities and is usually receptive to trying new things. This has been connected to dopaminergic brain activity. People who exhibit high degrees of novelty-seeking behaviour may not enjoy tedious or predictable lives and have a propensity for novelty. Additionally, this can make them more likely to abuse tobacco, alcohol, or drugs they might favour stimulating activities and shun social situations. People who don't enjoy novelty tend to resist change and adhere to a predetermined set of rules.

Reward Dependence Learn More

How Does Reward Dependence Work?
Reward Dependence is a behavioural propensity towards incentives, particularly indications of social support, sympathy and approbation. People with high reward dependence tend to be kindhearted, sensitive, reliant on others and gregarious. People with low reward dependence tend to be practical, unyielding, cold, oblivious to others' feelings, impulsive and uncaring when they are by themselves. We observe the emergence of numerous personalities and addictive disorders when degrees of reward dependency diverge from normal.

Trustfulness Learn More

What is the definition of trustworthiness?
All human interactions depend on trust, which is also one of the most significant ethical virtues. It has a significant impact on many facets of a person's life, including sexual relationships, family relationships, workplace productivity, political participation and medical procedures. It could be a belief in the likelihood that someone will act a specific way, a sense of assurance and security that a partner is concerned, or a sophisticated neurological mechanism including emotions. Any alteration in one's trust behaviour is frequently indicative of their attitude and personality. Trustworthiness is governed by standards and values that are accepted in society.

Withdrawn Behaviour Learn More

How Do You Define Withdrawn Behaviour?
A personality trait called withdrawal comprises the propensity to avoid unfamiliar or strange persons, places, or circumstances. Although a temperamental propensity towards inhibition towards unknown situations can lead to withdrawal, fear over potential negative criticism or a conditioned avoidance response can also be important variables affecting such behaviour. People who have a high propensity for withdrawing from others could prefer isolation and avoid activities with unknown elements. Such behaviour may eventually develop into a conditioned response and be linked to unpleasant experiences.

Animal Lover Learn More

What exactly is an animal lover
Evolutionary, physiological and psychological factors frequently serve as the foundation for human interactions with animals. The degree of interaction with animals, sociocultural factors and cognitive processes all have an impact on how people feel about them. Interpersonal relationships help people act and think positively. Empathy for animals among people is associated with pro-social behaviour and social organisation. Research has also shown that interactions between humans and animals typically have positive outcomes for both parties. Research has shown a genetic influence in those who tend to display more compassion for animals, along with other influences like early life events, personality and religious and cultural beliefs.

Empathy Learn More

Defining Empathy
Empathy is the capacity to comprehend another person's emotions and experiences, frequently by placing oneself in that person's shoes without really being in that circumstance oneself. In social relationships at all stages of life, empathy is essential. It boosts one's propensity to be kind and empathetic. Empathy comes in three flavours: compassionate, emotional and cognitive. Emotional empathy is the capacity to actually experience another person's feelings, while compassionate empathy is the capacity to recognise another person's suffering and act to alleviate it. Cognitive empathy is the capacity to put oneself in another person's shoes and see things from their perspective.

Happiness Learn More

What exactly is happiness?
For the majority of people, achieving happiness is one of their most important goals and as a result, they frequently take conscious or unconscious steps to raise their levels of happiness. Happiness can be a constant emotional state or a passing emotional state. Materialistic things and opportunistic actions that are impacted by various life situations might lead to momentary satisfaction. While one's level of life satisfaction is crucial for maintaining happiness, how satisfied or unsatisfied a person may feel mostly depends on how they feel about their lives, which is in part determined by heredity.

Social Skills

Self-Confidence Learn More

Self Confidence traits explained
Self-confidence is the idea that one can effectively handle the obstacles and demands of day-to-day life. It is the trust that one has in one's own abilities, capacities and judgements. It is more frequently described as a wide-ranging and more constant quality pertaining to a person's judgements of their total capacity. This could rise as a result of successes and experiences of having mastered tasks. One may feel more energised and inspired to complete or attain their goals if they have greater self-confidence. Self-confidence can be displayed in a variety of ways, including behaviour, body language and speech and action patterns.

Optimism Learn More

Defining optimism
The capacity to view things positively and anticipate positive outcomes is optimism. It alludes to having an upbeat attitude. Optimists are more likely to focus on the positive rather than become mired in the negative. Optimism has an indirect impact on quality of life through the use of particular coping mechanisms. People with optimism typically have reduced propensities for depression and other forms of psychological suffering. There is evidence that folks with higher levels of optimism have better quality of life than those with lower levels.

Parenting Learn More

What Is Parenting?
Parenting involves guiding a child's growth and development, which includes their emotional, social, physical and intellectual well-being. Healthy growth depends greatly on the nature of the bond between parents and their children. Although there are numerous other elements that might affect a person's growth and development, including genetics, cognitive capacity, culture, social environment, peer group, etc., parenting also plays a significant role in shaping a child. In order to be a good parent, you must be able to take care of your child's physical and emotional needs, watch out for their best interests, interact with them socially and provide an example of compassionate, assertive behaviour for them.

Cooperativeness Learn More

Defining Cooperation
The ability to collaborate with others for a common goal or benefit is referred to as cooperativeness. When compared to people who are more likely to be aggressive and self-centered, it describes how much more agreeable a person tends to be in their behaviours or relationships. An individual's behaviour and personality can be influenced by different brain regions and how their chemical interactions interact. Neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and cortisol, among others, can change how they operate or how much of them are present, which can lead to changes in behaviour. Therefore, genes involved in the manufacture and regulation of dopamine and serotonin can affect a person's propensity for cooperation.

Sociality Learn More

Understanding Sociality
The most striking aspect of human nature is sociality. Social connection permeates all parts of an individual's life. Human society is built on social organisations, which also help people establish and preserve interpersonal relationships. Everyone's social behaviour varies some people enjoy engaging with others, while others shy away from them and may find it difficult to cope with people. An individual's sociality is shaped by social integration, social contacts, social roles and social support. Compared to those of any other species, social ties are significantly more widespread, complex and diversified.

Agreeableness Learn More

What Does Agreeableness Mean?
One of The Big Five personality traits is agreeableness. Being warm, kind, cooperative, considerate, sympathetic and tactful are qualities that define it. An individual with a high degree of agreeableness may be more gregarious and helpful they typically strive to please others and typically perform very well in teams or groups. The degree of one's agreeability might change depending on the circumstance. Being confrontational may be more difficult for those who are highly agreeable and cooperating may be more difficult for those who are less agreeable. Understanding one's level of agreeableness can aid in behaviour control.

Conscientiousness Learn More

Definition of Conscientiousness
One of The Big Five personality traits is conscientiousness. It is characterised by a propensity to be conscientious, self-controlled, organised, goal-oriented and rule-following with strong impulse control. A person's propensity to be systematic, dependable, deliberate (think carefully before acting) and responsible is frequently reflected in their level of conscientiousness. Conversely, those who lack conscientiousness are more likely to be relaxed, less focused on their goals and less motivated by achievement.

Extraversion Learn More

Explaining Extraversion
An outgoing personality, which is linked to extraversion, makes a person more at ease engaging with others and connecting with them, even strangers. One who exhibits high levels of extraversion is typically more outgoing, enthusiastic and energetic in social settings. Introversion is on the other end of the spectrum. Quiet, shy and reserved personalities are frequently characterised as introverts. High levels of introversion make people less socially active they prefer to be alone, preoccupied with their own ideas and feelings, or in intimate or small groups of people.

Openness Learn More

Identifying Openness
One of The Big Five personality traits is openness to experience, also known as simply openness. Comparatively to those with comparatively lower levels of openness, those with greater levels tend to be more likely to explore new experiences, be receptive to novel ideas and enjoy trying new things. They also tend to experience more complex emotional states. These people have a propensity for being more inquisitive, inquiring and open-minded. People with low openness, on the other hand, are more rigid, literal, like to stay to the same pattern and may even be opposed to change.

Motivation Learn More

What exactly is motivation?
The internal process or force that propels a person towards their goals is known as motivation. It might influence how someone behaves in particular circumstances. The importance of motivation in the learning process cannot be overstated. An individual is better able to learn and recall the specifics of what was learnt if they are highly driven. Drives, or motivations that are primarily driven by social and psychological systems, such as thirst or hunger, can be used to categorise motivation. Increased productivity and self-assurance help people accept the rigours of everyday life.

Leadership Learn More

Defining leadership
Leadership is the capacity to use and guide one's collaborators in the best way feasible under different conditions in order to reach or complete goals as a group or team. Leadership potential can be influenced by both hereditary and environmental variables. The human brain is a complicated system and hormones and neurotransmitters play important roles in influencing a person's behaviour and capacity to inherit and display particular features. Neuronal-related genes can alter one's propensity to develop particular behavioural traits, such as leadership, by directly influencing the brain's chemical processes that affect behaviour.

Creative Ability

Music Learn More

Describing music trait
The complex feature of music combines emotions, learning and intellect. The sophisticated ability to communicate, feel and express oneself through sound, as well as to acquire and comprehend musical knowledge, is what is meant by "musical ability". The propensity, sensibility, or talent to make, hear and perform music belongs to the individual. Understanding and interpreting music is a skill that benefits both the performer and the listener or responder. Composing, improvising, or otherwise producing music requires a lot of creativity. One's musical skill is influenced by a number of genes. Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters that have an impact on both music and cognitive processes.

Creativity Learn More

Identifying creativity
The capacity to generate fresh, valuable ideas or possibilities that aid in problem-solving, communication, or entertainment of others is known as creativity. It is the capacity to combine several concepts in novel and beneficial ways. The need for unique, varied and complicated stimulation, as well as the need to share ideas and ideals and find solutions to problems, are the primary drivers of creativity. It is associated with a variety of ways of thinking, including adaptability and tolerance for ambiguity or unpredictability. The vital factor in advancing society and progress is creativity.

Circadian Rhythm

Chronotype

Morningness-Eveningness Learn More

What is the difference between Morningness and Eveningness?
The timing of peak physical activity, alertness and other physiologic activities within the 24 hour day is referred to as chronotype or diurnal preference. This preference is determined by the body's internal circadian clock, also known as the body clock. The'morning' chronotype refers to those who prefer earlier bedtimes and waking hours and who do activities at their highest levels earlier in the day. While the chronotype of those who prefer later bedtimes and waking hours, exhibiting the highest degree of activity and alertness later in the day is 'evening'.

Sleep Disorders

Insomnia Learn More

What Precisely Is Insomnia?
Insomnia is a frequent sleeping problem in which a person has difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. The individual may be getting insufficient or poor-quality sleep. Insomnia can be acute (temporary) or chronic (permanent). Acute insomnia is widespread and can linger for days or weeks. It is usually caused by a stressful incident. Chronic insomnia, on the other hand, happens at least three evenings each week for at least three months. Most cases of persistent insomnia are secondary, meaning they begin as a result of another problem.

Narcolepsy Learn More

What Exactly Is Narcolepsy?
Narcolepsy is a type of persistent sleep disorder that causes daytime sleepiness and fits of sleep. Affected people can fall asleep at any time of day, even while doing other things. Narcolepsy manifests itself in a variety of ways, including sleep paralysis, excessive drowsiness, hallucinations and, in rare cases, cataplexy - a rapid loss of muscle control caused by powerful emotions such as dread or laughing. Although symptoms may occur in childhood or adolescence, many patients receive a clear diagnosis later in life. Although there is no cure for narcolepsy, certain drugs and behavioural therapy can help patients lead normal and productive lives.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Learn More

Definition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder in which breathing regularly stops and starts during sleep. This occurs when the throat muscles relax intermittently during sleep, obstructing the airway. When the airway narrows, breathing becomes insufficient for 10 seconds or more, lowering blood oxygen levels. The brain detects a problem with breathing and awakens the individual to reopen the airway. Snoring is a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea.

Restless Leg Syndrome Learn More

Restless Leg Syndrome Explained
Willis-Ekbom illness is another name for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). It is a neural system disorder that causes a strong desire to move one's legs and is frequently accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the legs. RLS is categorised as a sleep and movement disorder. However, it is best described as a neurological sensory condition in which symptoms are generated within the brain. RLS can cause weariness and impede an individual's ability to conduct everyday activities, depending on the severity of the symptoms.

Sleep Characterisitcs

Sleep Duration Learn More

How long should you sleep?
Sleep allows the body and mind to replenish and regain their capacities. A regular person should sleep between 7 and 9 hours every day. Babies and young children, on the other hand, have a larger sleep span, but older people typically get 7 to 8 hours of sleep. However, environmental factors such as caffeine use, contact with electronic devices before bedtime, irregular sleep schedules and so on may have an impact on sleep length.

Sleep Latency Learn More

What Exactly Is Sleep Latency?
Sleep latency, also known as sleep onset latency, is the amount of time it takes for a person to go asleep after waking up. Sleep latency can vary from person to person. It is also one of the measures of an individual's sleep quantity and quality.

Lifestyle Genomics

Diabetes

Diabetic Cataract Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Cataract?
Diabetes cataract is a disorder that causes blindness in diabetes people. A cataract is a thick, hazy region that develops in the eye's lens. Cataract patients compare seeing through clouded lenses to gazing through a frosty or fogged-up window. Cataracts are caused by tissue degradation and protein clumping. Nuclear cataract develops gradually as the core zone of the lens, also known as the nucleus, hardens and yellows. This hardness and yellowing will spread to the other layers of the lens over time.

Diabetic Nephropathy Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease induced by elevated blood glucose levels (diabetes mellitus). This happens due to diabetes damaging the body's arteries, after which the kidney filters blood from those very arteries.

Diabetic Neuropathy Learn More

Definition of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetes causes a class of nerve illnesses known as diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes can cause nerve damage throughout the body. Some persons with nerve injury have no symptoms others may have pain, tingling, or numbness, as well as loss of feeling in their hands, arms, feet and legs. Nerve issues can affect any organ system, including the digestive tract, heart and genitalia.

Diabetic Retinopathy Learn More

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetic eye condition. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of the eye (retina). These blood arteries might expand and leak, or they can close, preventing blood from passing through. On occasion, aberrant new blood vessels form on the surface of the retina.

Foot Ulcers Learn More

What are Foot Ulcers?
Certain degrees of nerve injury frequently result in inadequate regeneration of damaged skin, which would recover normally under optimal conditions. In diabetes patients, the poor healing process can be ascribed to high or often variable blood sugar levels. As a result, even minor injuries can result in a foot ulcer in this situation.

Type II Diabetes Learn More

What Exactly Is Type II Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus, also known as Type II Diabetes, is a disorder in which the body's capacity to process blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is impaired. Insulin transports sugar from the blood into cells, where it is stored or utilised for energy. With type II diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use the insulin that it does produce adequately. Diabetes, if not managed properly, can cause a buildup of sugars in the blood, increasing the risk of hazardous consequences such as stroke, heart disease and damage to the eyes, kidneys and other organs.

Cardiovascular Disease Learn More

Definition of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term for illnesses affecting the heart or blood arteries. It has also been linked to artery damage in organs like as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes.

Weight Management

Obesity Learn More

What Exactly Is Obesity?
Obesity is a disorder characterised by excessive body fat that raises the risk of health complications. Obesity is frequently caused by consuming more calories than are burnt by exercise and typical everyday activities. Obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than 30. Excess body fat raises the likelihood of significant health problems.

Lipid Metabolism

Triglyceride Levels Learn More

What Do Triglyceride Levels Mean?
Triglycerides are a substantial component of human body fat. Triglycerides contain fatty acids, which are an important source of energy for our body's cells. Triglyceride concentrations in the blood can be examined and can provide useful information about metabolism and overall health excessive levels may indicate underlying metabolic abnormalities and research suggests that high blood triglycerides are related with an increased risk of heart disease. Fasting triglyceride levels less than 150 mg/dl are considered normal.

Cholesterol Levels Learn More

What Do Cholesterol Levels Mean?
Cholesterol is a waxy molecule that is found in the blood. Although your body requires cholesterol to build healthy cells, high cholesterol levels can increase your risk of heart disease. High cholesterol might cause fatty deposits in your blood vessels. These deposits eventually accumulate, making it harder for adequate blood to circulate through your arteries. These deposits can rupture unexpectedly and create a clot, resulting in a heart attack or stroke. There are various forms of cholesterol: VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol and HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol.