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Nutri DNA

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Nutri DNA is a focused genetic test analysing 85 clinically relevant traits to show how your body responds to food, nutrients, exercise, and environmental factors. By integrating nutrigenomics, gut health, fitness, lifestyle, and immune genetics, it identifies metabolic and digestive predispositions early and translates them into practical guidance. The result is a personalised report supporting precision nutrition, targeted exercise, and long-term lifestyle optimisation.

Nutri DNA

Nutri DNA

Nutrigenomics

Weight Management

Ability to Maintain Weight Loss Learn More

Weight Managment and maintaining weight loss?
While many people find losing weight difficult, maintaining it can be just as difficult. Many people who lose a lot of weight tend to gain it back after 1 to 3 years. Certain genetic variations affect the ability to maintain weight after weight loss. For those with a higher genetic risk for weight regain, it becomes even more important to maintain weight loss by following a healthy meal plan and exercise program.

Micronutrient Metabolism

Antioxidant Metabolism Learn More

Information on Antioxidant Metabolism?
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit the oxidation process in the body. Certain processes lead to the formation of oxidative substances in the body that damage cells and DNA, resulting in impaired cellular function. The ability of antioxidants to destroy oxidized substances protects the structural integrity of cells and tissues. Antioxidants also boost the body's immune response. They are also known to reduce the risk of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Antioxidant-rich sources include dark chocolate, spinach, green tea and blueberries. Genetic variation may lead to altered function of the body's antioxidant defence system, thereby affecting dietary requirements for antioxidants.

Iron Metabolism Learn More

Importance of Iron Metabolism?
Iron is an essential element that the body needs to produce red blood cells. Approximately 70% of the body's iron is stored in red blood cells. It is important for the formation of haemoglobin and for transporting oxygen to cells in the body. Iron is also involved in immune system function and is an important nutrient for energy metabolism. Iron deficiency can cause fatigue, weakness, pale skin, headaches and dizziness, while too much iron can have a toxic effect on the body. Dietary sources of iron include chicken, tofu, red meat, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, beans and spinach. Genetic variation affects iron metabolism and thus the ability to absorb dietary iron.

Magnesium Metabolism Learn More

What is Magnesium Metabolism and what functions depend on it?
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. It helps maintain normal nerve and muscle function, supports a healthy immune system, keeps your heartbeat steady and helps keep your bones strong. Magnesium also works with calcium to regulate muscle contraction. Magnesium deficiency is associated with incorrect nerve impulses, which can lead to a lack of coordination, muscle cramps, tremors and loss of appetite. Excess magnesium intake is currently associated with irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure and slowed breathing. Rich sources of magnesium include salmon, mackerel, tuna, spinach, kale, nuts and dark chocolate. Genetic variations can affect magnesium absorption and, thus its serum levels.

Calcium Metabolism Learn More

How does Calcium Metabolism Work for your body?
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, present in more than 90 percent of bones and teeth. Calcium is also important for normal thyroid function. Calcium is absorbed by the body in the form of phosphate and is essential for regulating muscle contraction and heart function. Calcium levels in the blood are also important for the production of clotting factors and the transmission of nerve impulses. Because calcium has multiple functions in the body, a calcium deficiency can lead to problems such as osteoporosis, osteopenia and muscle cramps. Too much calcium can lead to constipation, increased thirst or urination, nausea, vomiting and kidney stones. Foods rich in calcium include all dairy products, almonds, broccoli, cabbage, soybeans, tofu, salmon and sardines. Genetic variations can cause abnormal calcium absorption in the body.

Phosphate Metabolism Learn More

Phosphate metabolism refers to the biochemical processes involved in the regulation and utilization of phosphate.Phosphate is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in the development of bones and teeth. In the body, the majority of phosphorus combines with oxygen to form phosphate. Phosphate serves as a foundational element for various essential substances, which are involved in energy production, cell membrane construction and DNA synthesis. To obtain phosphate, one can consume dietary sources like milk, meat, sea fish (such as salmon, mackerel and sardines), seeds (like pumpkin and sunflower seeds), legumes, eggs and oatmeal. It is worth noting that genetic variations have the potential to impact serum phosphate levels, consequently affecting individual dietary needs.

Vitamin A Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin A Metabolism Work?
A category of dietary organic compounds known as vitamin A plays a crucial role in the development of vision. It is crucial for maintaining the body's immune system and the health of the skin. In contrast to plant sources like carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale and cantaloupes, which contain the precursor of vitamin A in the form of carotenes that are then converted into retinol in the body, animal sources like organ meat, fish and milk products provide vitamin A in the form of retinol or retinoic acid. A lack of vitamin A can cause night blindness, acne, or dry skin, among other symptoms. Muscle soreness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and stomach pain could all result from too much vitamin A in the body. Genetic variations can impact the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol, which can change the amount of vitamin A needed in the diet.

Vitamin B12 Metabolism Learn More

What is the metabolism of vitamin B12?
A water-soluble vitamin known as cobalamin, our bodies use it in numerous metabolic processes. It plays a crucial role in myelin synthesis and the proper operation of the neurological system. Additionally, it's critical for the development of DNA and red blood cells. Along with riboflavin and folate, it aids in the cell's removal of homocysteine. Lethargy, weariness and poor nervous system function have all been linked to vitamin B12 deficiencies. Chicken, beef, tofu, eggs, salmon, dairy products and almond milk are all sources of vitamin B12. Genetic variations may impact how well it absorbs nutrients from meals, which may increase or decrease the risk of vitamin B12 insufficiency.

Vitamin B6 Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin B6 Metabolism Work?
The vitamin B family of important minerals includes vitamin B6. B vitamins help our bodies transform the food we eat into the energy we require to function. It is essential for the metabolism of lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates. Anaemia, dermatitis and a weaker immune system are all linked to vitamin B6 deficiency. It has been demonstrated that it can lead to neurological diseases when present in excess. Chicken, eggs, chickpeas, bananas, sweet potatoes, pistachios and spinach are foods that are good sources of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 deficiency risk can be affected by genetic differences that affect vitamin B6 absorption.

Vitamin B9 Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin B9 Metabolism Work?
Water-soluble vitamin B9, also referred to as folate (a naturally occurring form of vitamin B9) or folic acid (a synthetic version), is a member of the B vitamin family. When vitamin B9 is activated, it aids in the creation of red blood cells, the breakdown of homocysteine, the synthesis of DNA and cell division. All of these processes are impacted by poor vitamin B9 metabolism. Homocysteine can damage blood vessels, create inflammation, raise blood pressure and interfere with heart health if it builds up in excess. However, excessive vitamin B9 use has been linked to severe skin reactions, insomnia and gastrointestinal issues. Egg yolks, cow liver, tuna, lentils, asparagus and beets are among the foods high in vitamin B9. The metabolism of vitamin B9 can be affected by variations in specific genes.

Vitamin C Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin C Metabolism Work?
Ascorbic acid, another name for vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for both tissue repair and the enzymatic synthesis of specific neurotransmitters. It serves as an antioxidant and has a significant impact on the immune system. Skin rashes, delayed wound healing and scurvy (gum bleeding) have all been linked to vitamin C deficiency. However, excessive consumption may result in gastrointestinal issues, headaches and sleep issues. Citrus fruits including oranges and grapefruit, as well as kiwi, mango and papaya, are among the sources abundant in ascorbic acid. The body's ability to absorb vitamin C can be affected by genetic differences.

Vitamin D Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin D Metabolism Work?
When skin is exposed to sunshine, vitamin D is synthesised. It is a fat-soluble vitamin. Since calcium levels in the blood are controlled by vitamin D, this vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy bones. Lack of vitamin D has been linked to rickets, which causes muscle and bone weakening. Older persons experience cognitive impairment as a result of it. In the short term, increased calcium levels in the blood are linked to excess vitamin D in the body, which may cause nausea, vomiting and a lack of appetite. Salmon, egg yolks, cheese, spinach, tuna and other foods are excellent sources of vitamin D. However, food sources only provide a relatively small portion of the daily requirement for vitamin D, making sunshine the main source. Genetic variations can affect how vitamin D is metabolised, which can affect the likelihood of developing vitamin D insufficiency.

Vitamin E Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin E Metabolism Work?
Tocopherols, usually referred to as vitamin E, are a group of fat-soluble vitamins. The body uses vitamin E primarily as an antioxidant to combat the free radicals produced by the body and stop cellular damage. It has a significant role in the immunological system as well. It is well established that cognitive decline and neuromuscular issues are brought on by vitamin E deficiency. In excess, vitamin E may be harmful and cause headaches, stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhoea and issues associated to bleeding. Vegetable oils, nuts, salmon, crayfish, soybeans, spinach, broccoli and almonds are among foods that are rich in vitamin E. The body's ability to absorb vitamin E can be affected by genetic differences.

Vitamin K Metabolism Learn More

How Does Vitamin K Metabolism Work?
Various chemical molecules that are fat-soluble make up vitamin K. Important processes like blood coagulation and bone mineralization depend on vitamin K. Therefore, symptoms like profuse bleeding, easy bruising and an increased risk of osteoporosis might result from a vitamin K shortage. Genetic differences can impact procedures that eventually affect how much vitamin K is needed in the food. Phylloquinone and menaquinone are two of vitamin K's active forms. Green vegetables including spinach, broccoli and iceberg lettuce are among the food sources high in phylloquinone. Menaquinone is present in higher concentrations in meat, dairy products and fermented diets.

Copper Metabolism Learn More

How Does Copper Metabolism Work?
Copper is an essential mineral that is required for red blood cell creation, nerve cell integrity and immune system regulation it also aids in iron absorption and collagen formation. Copper is mostly stored in the liver, brain, kidneys and skeletal muscles. Copper excess and shortage have been associated to nervous system deficits, liver damage and cardiovascular system problems. Genetics plays an important role in defining a person's natural ability to metabolise and absorb copper in the body.

Zinc Metabolism Learn More

How Does Zinc Metabolism Work?
Zinc is an essential mineral that plays an important role in cellular metabolism, DNA synthesis, immune function modulation, wound healing and protein synthesis. Because there is no zinc storage system in the body, adequate dietary zinc intake is required. Excess zinc intake can produce toxicity and symptoms such as nausea, lack of appetite and abdominal cramps zinc deficiency can cause poor immune function, growth retardation and loss of appetite. Oysters, eggs, crab, whole grains, beans and nuts are all high in zinc. Genetic differences in zinc transporter genes alter zinc absorption and serum levels in the body.

Macronutrient Metabolism

Response to Monounsaturated Fats Learn More

What is Monounsaturated Fat Response?
A type of fat known as a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) has one double bond in its backbone. Typically, these lipids are liquid at normal temperature. Monounsaturated lipids are essential for controlling how well the body's immune system works. Lowering cholesterol levels and lowering the risk of heart disease and stroke can be accomplished by substituting monounsaturated fats for saturated and trans fats. Vitamin E, an antioxidant that keeps the body healthy by shielding cells from injury, is also abundant in monounsaturated fats. Monounsaturated fats are notably abundant in foods like avocados, peanut butter, almonds, seeds, olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil and sunflower oil. The extent of the health advantages associated with MUFA intake can be influenced by genetic differences.

Response to Polyunsaturated Fats Learn More

What is Polyunsaturated Fat Reaction?
A form of fat known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has a backbone made up of several double bonds. Sesame oil is one source that is high in PUFA. Seeds like flaxseeds and walnuts are among the additional sources. PUFAs are liquids at normal temperature. The risk of heart disease and stroke can be reduced by using PUFAs to lower blood levels of LDL cholesterol. Vitamin E, an antioxidant vitamin that keeps the body healthy by shielding cells from injury, is also a component of polyunsaturated fat-rich oils. PUFA are primarily divided into omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The anti-inflammatory omega-3 PUFAs can be found in fatty fish, shellfish, liver and several seeds, including flaxseed. Animal fats are the main source of omega-6 rich meals. The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 is between 2:1 and 4:1, but modern diets typically contain ratios between 15:1 and even 25:1, which means that the majority of people have a significantly higher dietary demand for omega-3 consumption. Dietary requirements for omega-3 PUFA consumption might be affected by genetic differences.

Response to Protein Learn More

How does Protein Response work?
An important macronutrient for growth and maintenance, protein is needed by the body. All of the cells in the body use it as a building block and as a fuel source. They serve as building blocks for a number of other compounds required for life when they are broken down into amino acids. A diet high in protein speeds up metabolism and curbs hunger. As a result, eating proteins promotes satiety, lowers overall calorie intake and curbs hunger over time, all of which help with fat loss and weight maintenance. Animal and plant proteins, such as those found in meats, dairy goods, fish, eggs, grains, legumes and nuts, are both sources of protein in the diet. In terms of maintaining weight loss, genetic variances can result in a different reaction to increasing protein consumption.

Response to Saturated Fats Learn More

What is Saturated Fat Response?
Saturated fats are a type of macronutrient that the body uses to produce energy. Butter, ghee, margarine and animal fats all include saturated fats. The number of double bonds in their backbones sets them apart from other types of lipids, with saturated fats having none. Compared to unsaturated fats, which are typically liquid at room temperature, they frequently have greater melting points. When taken in higher proportions than other fats, saturated fats are known to raise LDL cholesterol, which results in the buildup of plaque along the blood vessel walls and narrowing of the blood vessels. This increases the risk of acquiring cardiovascular problems directly. Genetic variations can affect how the body reacts to dietary saturated fat in terms of obesity and the development of aberrant lipid profiles.

Response to Carbohydrate Learn More

What is Carbohydrate Response?
The body uses carbohydrates as its main source of energy and calories, making them an essential macronutrient. The two main categories of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbs cause a surge in blood sugar levels and the release of insulin because they are readily broken down and absorbed by the body. The risk of acquiring diabetes and obesity may rise with increased use of simple carbs like refined flour, table sugar, syrups and fruit drinks. Due to their intricate structure, complex carbs cannot be broken down fast, which results in a delayed and prolonged release of sugar and insulin into the bloodstream. Oats, quinoa, brown rice, barley and legumes are examples of complex carbohydrate sources. In response to carbohydrate ingestion, genetic variations can affect the likelihood of developing insulin resistance and obesity.

Response to Fiber Learn More

What is Fibre Response?
Dietary fibre is a form of carbohydrate that the body cannot process. Dietary fiber's principal function is in intestinal function. Dietary fibre, particularly insoluble fibre, aids in constipation prevention by increasing stool weight and lowering stool transit time in the gut. It also reduces the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Fibre-based meals hold water in the intestine, making you feel fuller and keeping your calorie intake in check, lowering your chance of becoming obesity. It can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains. Genetic differences can alter the extent to which increasing fibre consumption can help maintain weight under control.

Regulation of Eating

Emotional Eating Dependance Learn More

What Exactly Is Emotional Eating Dependence?
We all appreciate wonderful meals. We celebrate our joy with food, games and frolic. Unfortunately, many people do the same when they are depressed or unhappy. 'Emotional Eating Dependence' is the name given to the second type of eating habit. It is a mental illness, a yearning induced in an attempt to compensate for and fill a void in one's life. This psychological condition is a reaction to one's emotions, which causes one to overeat chocolate cookies, crusty puffs, creamy cakes, puddings and other luxuries. Those who experience this problem are either conscious or subconsciously locked in the cycle and they feel forced to reach for food for solace. It is not just stress that causes people to reach for food. Boredom might also contribute to becoming a "munch potato." Variations in specific genes can also cause such a response to diet. Emotional eating can lead to increased calorie intake, kicking your weight loss attempts to the curb.

Satiety Response Learn More

What Exactly Is Satiety Response?
Satiety is defined as a sensation of fullness or the suppression of hunger for a period of time following a meal. Certain genetic differences can affect the ability to feel full after eating a meal, which can contribute to overeating in people who have a low satiety response. Overeating can result in an excess of calories consumed, raising the risk of weight gain.

Snacking Pattern Learn More

What Exactly Is a Snacking Pattern?
Eating behaviour is influenced by a complex combination of physiological, psychological, social and genetic factors that influence meal schedule, food quantity, food choice and food selection. Even after a meal, some people seek snacks or more meals. Even when they are full, such persons have a heightened need to nibble on foods throughout the day. Variations in specific genes are implicated in a bad snacking pattern, which leads to overeating.

Taste Perception

Fatty Food Preference Learn More

What Exactly Is Fatty Food Preference?
Fatty food preference reveals our taste preferences for fat-rich foods such as deep-fried dishes, nuts, cheese and red meats. Individual food preferences, eating behaviour and nutritional intake are determined by how an individual perceives the flavour of meals. Certain genetic variants that regulate our fatty food consumption govern our preference for fatty foods.

Sweet Taste Perception Learn More

Can You Explain Sweet Taste Perception?
Sweet taste perception refers to our taste buds' ability to detect sweet meals. Individual food choices and the impact of eating behaviour and nutritional intake are explained by taste perception. In general, those who are less sensitive tend to consume more of that meal and overeat. Sweet taste buds are typically situated near the back of the tongue and on the roof of the mouth. Inter-individual variances in sweet taste perception are influenced by genetic polymorphisms in the genes encoding taste receptors. People with specific genetic variations have weak sweet taste perception and thus consume more sugar.

Bitter Taste Perception Learn More

Definition of Bitter Taste Perception
Bitter taste perception refers to our taste buds' ability to detect bitter foods. Individual food choices and the impact of eating behaviour and nutritional intake are explained by taste perception. In general, those who are less sensitive are more prone to consume that food and to overeat. Lower bitter taste perception is often related with increased ingestion of bitter foods, which could potentially contribute to toxicity in the body under severe situations. Differences in bitter taste perception are caused by genetic polymorphisms in the genes producing taste receptors.

Food Intolerances & Sensitivities

Gluten Intolerance Learn More

What Exactly Is Gluten Intolerance?
Gluten is a type of storage protein found in the seeds of cereal grains such as wheat, barley, rye and oats, along with carbohydrates. Gluten in wheat is responsible for its flexibility and rising during the baking process. Gluten sensitivity is characterised by unfavourable gluten responses. The most severe form of gluten sensitivity is celiac disease. Bloating, diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain are symptoms of gluten intolerance after consuming gluten-containing items. Celiac disease has also been linked to other conditions such as diabetes, thyroid problems and autoimmune disorders. Gluten-free cereals are available for those who are sensitive to gluten. A gluten-free diet is vital for controlling the signs and symptoms of celiac disease and other gluten-related medical problems. Genetic differences can influence a person's likelihood of acquiring celiac disease.

Lactose Metabolism Learn More

What Exactly Is Lactose Intolerance?
Lactose, often known as milk sugar, is a type of carbohydrate found in milk and other dairy products. It imparts a pleasantly sweet flavour to dairy goods. Lactase, an enzyme generated and secreted by the cells that lining the small intestine, begins metabolising lactose in the intestines. Lactose is fermented by gut bacteria when the body does not create enough lactase enzyme. This causes the stomach to produce lactic acid and other gases, resulting in lactose intolerance symptoms. Bloating, gas production in the stomach and diarrhoea are symptoms of lactose intolerance. Genetic differences can influence a person's likelihood of acquiring lactose intolerance.

Salt Metabolism Learn More

How Does Salt Metabolism Work?
Table salt is a mineral that is mostly made up of sodium chloride. Sodium is a vital electrolyte and essential mineral for human health, serving largely as an electrolyte and maintaining fluid equilibrium in the body. Sodium allows nerve impulses to travel throughout the body by controlling the electrical charges that go in and out of cells. The presence of sodium ions is required for muscular contraction, including the most vital muscle, the heart. Excess sodium in the body can cause hypertension, fluid retention, swelling and edoema. Severe sweating, vomiting and diarrhoea are also strongly linked to elevated salt levels. Cured meats, salted fish, cheese and canned foods are high in sodium. Genetic differences can determine how an individual responds to salt intake and hence how much salt can be tolerated in their diet.

Caffiene Metabolism Learn More

Caffeine Metabolism Explained
Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system found in beverages such as coffee, tea, energy drinks and aerated drinks such as cola. Caffeine stimulates alertness and wakefulness when consumed. It can, however, cause minor dependence. In general, up to 400 mg of caffeine appears to be a healthy quantity for adults, although there is a considerable deal of variance in how much caffeine an individual can handle, which is determined by genetic variations. Caffeine overdose can result in anxiety, insomnia, digestive difficulties, elevated blood pressure and a rapid heart rate. Cured meats, salted fish, cheese and canned foods are high in sodium. Genetic differences can determine how an individual responds to salt intake and hence how much salt can be tolerated in their diet.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Digestive Tract Disorders

Celiac Disease Learn More

Defining celiac disease
Gluten, which is present in wheat, barley and rye, triggers an immunological response in people with celiac disease, an autoimmune illness. It causes destruction to the villi that line the small intestine's interior, which impairs the absorption of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Child development and growth may be hampered by malnutrition. It can cause malnutrition, low bone density, infertility, neurological problems, or some types of cancer if left untreated.

Crohn's Disease Learn More

Crohn's Disease and how it affects you
Inflammatory bowel illness includes Crohn's disease. It might result in ulcers, edoema, or inflammatory reactions in the body's digestive system. It can affect any area of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus and varies from person to person. It typically results from the body's immune system being activated by a bacterium, virus, or other environmental causes. Signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe, can be painful and incapacitating and occasionally they can cause complications that pose a serious risk to one's life.

Ulcerative Colitis Learn More

Description of Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract are symptoms of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) known as ulcerative colitis. It causes ulcers and inflammation in the digestive tract and affects the rectum, which is the end of the colon and the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon). These sores or ulcers are able to bleed and exude pus. The immune system that battles the incoming virus attacks the digestive tract's cells as a result of an aberrant immunological reaction. Debilitating effects from ulcerative colitis can occasionally be fatal. Colon cancer can develop after years of ulcerative colitis.

Barrett Esophagus Learn More

What exactly is Barrett's Oesophagus?
Barrett's oesophagus, also known as Barrett's syndrome, is a condition in which the esophageal tissue changes into tissue similar to the intestinal lining and thickens and turns red. This occurs mostly as a result of the lower esophageal cells being exposed to stomach acid, which is typically seen in long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), causing damage to those cells.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Learn More

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): What it is and symtoms
The large intestine is impacted by the illness known as irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS. It is a persistent condition that results in cramping, bloating, diarrhoea and/or constipation. The contributing aspects to this disorder may include altered intestinal microbiota, visceral hypersensitivity, inflammation and gastrointestinal dysmotility. The majority of symptoms can be controlled by altering food and lifestyle.

GI Accessory Disorders

Cirrhosis Learn More

Cirrhosis affects and causes
Cirrhosis is a side effect of liver illness. It is a late stage of fibrosis, an irreversible scarring of the liver. It is brought on by viral illnesses like hepatitis or alcoholism, which harm the liver cells. There are metabolic issues when the liver's cells are damaged and unable to function properly. This eventually causes cirrhosis and other serious illnesses that can be fatal. The liver damage might be limited with an early diagnosis.

Gallstones Learn More

Defining Gallstones
Gallstones are the result of digestive fluid depositing in the gallbladder and becoming solid. A little organ located beneath the liver is the gallbladder. The gallbladder contains digestive fluids that are discharged into the small intestine, such as bile, which aids in the breakdown of lipids. The amount and size of gallstones might differ. The two forms of gallstones depend on their chemical makeup. Due to the presence of bilirubin in the bile, pigment stones are brown or black in colour as opposed to cholesterol stones, which are yellow in colour.

Pancreatitis Learn More

What exactly is Pancreatitis?
Pancreas inflammation is a medical ailment known as pancreatitis. This happens when the pancreas activates the digestive enzymes before they are released into the small intestine. Inflammation results from this irritating and destroying pancreatic cells. As a result, the pancreas's function is compromised, leading to digestive issues and an imbalance in the hormones that control blood sugar (glucose) levels. It can be acute or chronic in nature, depending on the severity and when it starts.

Primary Biliary Cholangitis Learn More

How do you define primary biliary cholangitis?
The bile ducts in the liver are gradually harmed by primary biliary cholangitis, formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis. The small intestine receives bile, which is created in the liver, via the duct, where it aids in digestion and helps the body get rid of cholesterol, poisons and worn-out red blood cells. Bile is stored in the liver as a result of damaged bile ducts, which causes cirrhosis, an irreversible scarring of the liver tissue that impairs liver function.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Learn More

Defining Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a bile duct disorder. From the liver, where it is created, through the gallbladder, where it is stored and finally, to the small intestine, where it aids in the breakdown of fats, bile is transported via bile ducts. Cholangitis, an inflammation of the bile ducts, causes scarring or sclerosis and constriction of the ducts. Bile accumulates in the liver as a result of its inability to be discharged into the gallbladder and small intestine, resulting in serious liver damage.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Learn More

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver refers to a range of conditions where extra fat builds up in the liver of individuals who drink very little to no alcohol. As it advances, it could become severe and cause cirrhosis, fibrosis, inflammation and liver failure. Overweight, insulin resistance, excessive blood sugar and lipid levels are all associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Lifestyle Genomics

Diabetes

Diabetic Cataract Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Cataract?
Diabetes cataract is a disorder that causes blindness in diabetes people. A cataract is a thick, hazy region that develops in the eye's lens. Cataract patients compare seeing through clouded lenses to gazing through a frosty or fogged-up window. Cataracts are caused by tissue degradation and protein clumping. Nuclear cataract develops gradually as the core zone of the lens, also known as the nucleus, hardens and yellows. This hardness and yellowing will spread to the other layers of the lens over time.

Diabetic Nephropathy Learn More

What Exactly Is Diabetic Nephropathy?
Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease induced by elevated blood glucose levels (diabetes mellitus). This happens due to diabetes damaging the body's arteries, after which the kidney filters blood from those very arteries.

Diabetic Neuropathy Learn More

Definition of Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetes causes a class of nerve illnesses known as diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes can cause nerve damage throughout the body. Some persons with nerve injury have no symptoms others may have pain, tingling, or numbness, as well as loss of feeling in their hands, arms, feet and legs. Nerve issues can affect any organ system, including the digestive tract, heart and genitalia.

Diabetic Retinopathy Learn More

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetic eye condition. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of the eye (retina). These blood arteries might expand and leak, or they can close, preventing blood from passing through. On occasion, aberrant new blood vessels form on the surface of the retina.

Foot Ulcers Learn More

What are Foot Ulcers?
Certain degrees of nerve injury frequently result in inadequate regeneration of damaged skin, which would recover normally under optimal conditions. In diabetes patients, the poor healing process can be ascribed to high or often variable blood sugar levels. As a result, even minor injuries can result in a foot ulcer in this situation.

Type II Diabetes Learn More

What Exactly Is Type II Diabetes?
Diabetes mellitus, also known as Type II Diabetes, is a disorder in which the body's capacity to process blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is impaired. Insulin transports sugar from the blood into cells, where it is stored or utilised for energy. With type II diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use the insulin that it does produce adequately. Diabetes, if not managed properly, can cause a buildup of sugars in the blood, increasing the risk of hazardous consequences such as stroke, heart disease and damage to the eyes, kidneys and other organs.

Cardiovascular Disease Learn More

Definition of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term for illnesses affecting the heart or blood arteries. It has also been linked to artery damage in organs like as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes.

Weight Management

Obesity Learn More

What Exactly Is Obesity?
Obesity is a disorder characterised by excessive body fat that raises the risk of health complications. Obesity is frequently caused by consuming more calories than are burnt by exercise and typical everyday activities. Obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than 30. Excess body fat raises the likelihood of significant health problems.

Lipid Metabolism

Triglyceride Levels Learn More

What Do Triglyceride Levels Mean?
Triglycerides are a substantial component of human body fat. Triglycerides contain fatty acids, which are an important source of energy for our body's cells. Triglyceride concentrations in the blood can be examined and can provide useful information about metabolism and overall health excessive levels may indicate underlying metabolic abnormalities and research suggests that high blood triglycerides are related with an increased risk of heart disease. Fasting triglyceride levels less than 150 mg/dl are considered normal.

Cholesterol Levels Learn More

What Do Cholesterol Levels Mean?
Cholesterol is a waxy molecule that is found in the blood. Although your body requires cholesterol to build healthy cells, high cholesterol levels can increase your risk of heart disease. High cholesterol might cause fatty deposits in your blood vessels. These deposits eventually accumulate, making it harder for adequate blood to circulate through your arteries. These deposits can rupture unexpectedly and create a clot, resulting in a heart attack or stroke. There are various forms of cholesterol: VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol, LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol and HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol.

Fitness Genomics

Endurance Related

Endurance Learn More

What Exactly Is Endurance?
Endurance is the body's ability to maintain physical activity for an extended amount of time. A high endurance capacity indicates that a person can engage in mild to moderate-intensity activities for an extended period of time with minimal discomforts such as dyspnea and weariness. Aerobic capacity, fat oxidation, aerobic metabolism, lactate threshold, exercise economy and the percentage of slow twitch muscle fibres all influence endurance performance. Genetics have a significant impact in these parameters, determining whether or not an individual is adapted for endurance sports.

Aerobic Capacity Trainability Learn More

What exactly is Aerobic Capacity Trainability and energy production.
Aerobic capacity, commonly known as VO2 max, refers to our body's maximal ability to transport and use oxygen during exercise. During aerobic workouts, oxygen is utilised to break down fuel stores for energy production and its demand rises as exercise intensity rises. Appropriate training increases aerobic capacity, which directly corresponds to enhanced performance. However, genetics governs the extent and ease with which these advancements can be produced. People with favourable genetics find it quite easy to develop their aerobic capacity, whereas others may struggle. The trainability of aerobic capacity is regulated by many genes involved in cellular oxygen supply and utilisation.

Lactate Threshold Learn More

What Does Lactate Threshold Mean?
The body produces lactate during anaerobic glycolysis. The aerobic metabolic pathway uses this lactate as a fuel to generate energy. During vigorous exercise, however, the aerobic system is unable to use up all of the lactate created by the anaerobic system, resulting in a rise in lactate concentration. This is directly related to muscle weariness. As a result, the lactate threshold is defined as the intensity of exercise at which the concentration of lactate begins to grow exponentially, causing exhaustion. Exercise intensity below the lactate threshold can be performed without noticeable unpleasantness or exhaustion. As a result, a higher lactate threshold leads to improved performance since more intense activity can be performed.

Injury Risk

Concussion Learn More

What Exactly Is a Concussion?
Concussion is defined as a brief state of unconsciousness or confusion produced by a blow to the head or rapid shaking of the head and body. It has a brief effect on brain function and may cause temporary cognitive issues. Some symptoms may develop right away, while others may appear days later. Even after the symptoms of a concussion have subsided, the neurons in the brain remain sensitive for some time and another concussion during this period of sensitivity may result in permanent damage to those neurons. As a result, even when the symptoms have subsided, it is recommended that you rest for an extended period of time. Genetics influence an individual's risk of concussion and the sensitivity period following a concussion.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Learn More

Definition of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is one of four major ligaments that connect the thigh bone to the shin bone at the knee joint. The ACL performs various roles, including providing stability to the knee joint and assisting in its function. It keeps the shin bone from migrating forward too far in relation to the thigh bone. It inhibits excessive shin bone internal rotation and knee hyperextension beyond the point of maximal knee extension. Finally, it protects the knee against excessive sideways forces, such as those encountered when a rugby player is tackled from the side. ACL injuries most typically occur during activities involving rapid stops, jumping, or changes in direction that are executed incorrectly. An ACL tear is one of the most common knee injuries, necessitating extensive surgery and a lengthy rehabilitation period of 6-9 months. As a result, determining a person's risk of ACL injury is critical before engaging in activities that may cause ACL damage.

Muscle Injury Learn More

What Exactly Is Muscle Injury?
Exercise puts strain on the muscles, which causes them to deteriorate. Low-level muscle injury is required for muscles to develop and adapt to workout stimulus. However, if a muscle is overly injured, it might result in muscle strains. A strain is a contraction-induced injury in which muscle fibres rupture as a result of significant mechanical stress. Muscle bruising, neuromuscular problems and cramping are examples of other muscle injuries. Muscle injuries cause pain, functional loss of the concerned muscle and, as a result, incapacity to do the specific exercise/sport. A person's genetic profile can influence their proclivity for muscular injury.

Rotator Cuff Injury Learn More

What Exactly Is Rotator Cuff Injury?
The rotator cuff is a collection of four tendons that serve to stabilise the shoulder joint. Its purpose is to maintain the upper arm bone's head firmly within the joint's socket. Rotator cuff injury is caused by a traumatic incident or repetitive shoulder joint movements, as seen in many sports and workouts. This can result in a small strain injury, a partial or total tear of the tendons and loss of shoulder joint function. It causes a dull aching in the shoulder and pain when moving the shoulder joint. A person's genetic profile can influence their proclivity for rotator cuff injury.

Tennis Elbow Learn More

What Is Tennis Elbow and how it effects you?
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral elbow tendinopathy, is a painful and tender ailment affecting the outer region of the elbow. It happens when the tendons in the elbow get overworked, which is commonly caused by repetitive wrist and arm motions. It is typically seen in those who participate in racquet sports. Tennis elbow can, however, be caused by other occupations that require similar repeated motions. A repetitive motion, such as grasping a racket during a swing, can strain the muscles and stress the tendons. This continual yanking can eventually result in microscopic tears in the tissue, resulting in damage.

Achilles Tendinopathy Learn More

What exactly is Achilles Tendinopathy?
The Achilles tendon connects muscles in the lower leg's back to the heel bone. It is the human body's thickest tendon. Achilles tendinopathy is an overuse ailment that occurs frequently, particularly in those who engage in running and jumping activities, as a result of repetitive movement at the Achilles tendon. Other causes that can cause it include trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, wearing high heel shoes and certain drugs. Symptoms range from an aching or pain and swelling in the ankle area to a burning feeling that encompasses the entire joint. The discomfort associated with this illness is typically worse during and after exertion and the tendon and joint area can become stiffer the next day as swelling restricts tendon movement.

Flexibility

Flexibility Learn More

What exactly is flexibility?
The capacity to move through a joint's whole range of motion is referred to as flexibility. Gender, age, exercise levels, temperature and the suppleness of the tissues around a joint, particularly ligaments, tendons and muscles, all influence flexibility. Flexibility improves performance when participating in sports or exercising. It also improves the level of comfort in everyday movements including bending, walking and lifting. The protein collagen regulates the elasticity of the tissues involved, providing a hereditary relationship to flexibility.

Power Related

Power Learn More

What Exactly Is Power and how it play a role in your body?
Power is the ability of the muscles to generate substantial forces at a rapid rate, as seen during high-intensity, short-duration exercises. Jumping, powerlifting, sprinting, bodybuilding and short-distance swimming all make use of the muscle's power-generation capabilities. In general, more power production immediately equates to better performance in such tasks. Genetics play a significant effect in an individual's power generation capacities and hence determine whether an individual is fit for power activities or not.

Exercise Response

Fat Loss Response to Exercise Learn More

What Exactly Is Fat Loss? Exercise Reaction
In human bodies, fat is deposited as triglycerides in adipose tissues. Triglycerides are broken down into free fatty acids during exercise and delivered to the muscles, where they are oxidised to generate energy. This procedure results in fat loss. Regular exercise helps to control weight by oxidising fat and improving metabolism. Losing weight promotes a favourable body image while also lowering the chance of health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, high blood pressure and cancer. The efficiency with which people respond to exercise in terms of breaking down triglycerides, transporting free fatty acids and then oxidising these fatty acids is determined by their heredity.

Muscle Damage & Recovery Learn More

Definition of Muscle Damage and Recovery
Muscle injury occurs as a result of exercise. While severe muscle injury is harmful, some muscle damage is necessary for growth and adaptation to exercise stimulus. Muscle damage triggers an inflammatory response, which heals the muscle while also promoting development and adaption. Muscle pain is a symptom of inflammation. Soreness is the sensation of discomfort and stiffness while using a muscle, which makes daily activities difficult. Excessive strain on a painful muscle can result in injury. As a result, it is critical to understand an individual's proclivity for muscle injury after a workout, as well as the rate of recovery from that damage, as these factors will define the intensity of workouts and the appropriate length of rest that should be taken between two workouts. The interplay of multiple genes and their variants governs muscle injury and healing.

Strength & Muscle Building Learn More

What is the difference between resistance training and muscle building?
Skeletal muscles, which can generate force, are in charge of the body's movement. Muscles are the primary powerhouse for fat burning and glucose absorption. Larger muscles require more energy and, as a result, burn more calories, resulting in fat loss and weight management. Muscles also aid in the prevention of diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity and so protecting against insulin resistance. Increasing muscle mass also results in a more toned appearance, which leads to a more positive body image and self-confidence. Other advantages of greater muscle mass include a lower chance of injury, improved immunity, enhanced strength and energy, a lower risk of arthritis and improved metabolic efficiency. Muscle building is accomplished by combining a weight training plan with a caloric surplus diet high in protein. However, muscle mass development is determined by certain genes. The genetic profile of a person can suggest how readily and to what extent a person can gain muscle mass through training.

Immunology

Autoimmune Disorders

Lichen Planus Learn More

What exactly is Lichen Planus?
Lichen planus is an autoimmune disease that produces swelling and irritation in the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes by attacking skin cells or mucous membranes. Lichen planus typically manifests as a flat, purple, itchy lesion. It most commonly affects middle-aged individuals or women. Lichen planus can arise in conjunction with other autoimmune illnesses.

Dermatomyositis Learn More

Definition of Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an uncommon condition that causes muscle weakness and a unique skin rash. Small blood veins in muscle tissue are particularly vulnerable. The body incorrectly assaults its own tissue, resulting in inflammatory alterations in the muscles. It eventually leads to the breakdown of muscle fibres due to the presence of inflammatory cells surrounding them, resulting in an autoimmune disorder. Dermatomyositis is caused by genetic variations, environmental conditions and infections.

Systemic Sclerosis Learn More

Explaining Systemic Sclerosis?
Systemic sclerosis, often known as scleroderma, is an autoimmune disease that causes the skin and connective tissues to harden and tighten. It is caused by an excess of collagen production and accumulation in various body tissues. Collagen is a fibrous protein found in connective tissues throughout the body, including our skin. The illness affects not only the skin but also the blood vessels, muscles, digestive system, heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs.

Interstitial Cystitis Learn More

What is Interstitial Cystitis?
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic and painful bladder ailment. It puts pressure on the bladder, which causes pain. There is pain and discomfort in the pelvic area that can range from minor to severe. Interstitial cystitis can also induce changes in urine frequency and urgency. It's a discomfort in the bladder syndrome.

Sjogren's Syndrome Learn More

What exactly is Sjogren's Syndrome?
Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune, inflammatory condition that mostly affects mucus-producing glands such as tear glands (lacrimal glands) and salivary glands, however it can affect other regions of the body as well. Sjogren's syndrome can produce dryness and reduced tear and saliva production. It may be linked to other autoimmune illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and others.

Autoimmune Hepatitis Learn More

Information about Autoimmune Hepatitis?
Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic disease in which the body's immune system destroys its own cells, causing liver damage. This results in liver cirrhosis and, ultimately, liver failure. There are two forms of autoimmune hepatitis: type 1 (common in all age groups) and type 2 (frequent in children and young adults). Other autoimmune disorders may or may not accompany autoimmune hepatitis.

Autoimmune Pancreatitis Learn More

Explanation on Pancreatitis?
Pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes inflamed. The pancreas suffers considerable harm when the body's immune system attacks it. The pancreas' function is consequently compromised, resulting in digestive issues and an imbalance in the hormones that regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. There are two forms of pancreatitis: IgG4-related pancreatitis, which affects many organs such as the bile duct in the liver, salivary glands, lymph nodes and kidneys and type 2 (also known as idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis), which usually affects the pancreas.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome Learn More

Definition of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently results in the development of antibodies that cause blood clots. The immune system targets the proteins in the blood, causing antibodies to develop, which then causes clots to form. These clots occur in arteries or veins throughout the body, including the legs, kidneys, lungs and brain. It is a leading cause of miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women. Certain genetic variants can enhance a person's susceptibility to antiphospholipid syndrome.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Learn More

What exactly is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), sometimes known as 'lupus,' is an autoimmune illness in which the body's immune system erroneously assaults healthy cells and tissues, causing damage to the many affected organs. It can cause problems with the joints, brain, skin, lungs, kidneys and blood vessels. Infections, malignancies, bone tissue damage, pregnancy problems and other organ-related disorders are more likely in people with this illness.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Learn More

Description of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anaemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia is a very uncommon autoimmune disorder. Autoantibodies are produced by the immune system and assault red blood cells. Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body's organs. The quantity of red blood cells is reduced in this disease, resulting in anaemia (lack of haemoglobin). The severity of anaemia is determined by the extent of red blood cell breakdown.

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Learn More

Defining Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD), often known as overlap disease, is a grouping of several illnesses. The most common clinical characteristics are those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma and myositis. Sjogren's syndrome is also seen in a small number of persons. The immune system assaults the body's own fibres, which are responsible for the body's support and framework. Certain genetic variants are involved in the development of mixed connective tissue disease.

Discoid Lupus Learn More

What exactly is Discoid Lupus?
Discoid Lupus is a severe autoimmune illness that affects the skin, resulting in the formation of a red, scaly coin-shaped lesion. When exposed to sunshine, these rashes worsen. The immune system attacks healthy skin cells and causes rash formation. Because it does not affect internal organs, discoid lupus differs from systemic lupus. Some of the variables that may worsen the illness are stress, infection and trauma.

Giant Cell Arteritis Learn More

What is Giant Cell Arteritis?
Giant Cell Arteritis, also known as temporal arteritis, is an uncommon illness in which the blood arteries of the head, particularly the temples, become inflamed. Inflammation then reduces blood flow and can harm essential tissues and organs. Further injury can also result in permanent visual loss. It is most common in adults between the ages of 70 and 80.

Pemphigoid Learn More

What exactly is Pemphigoid?
Pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune illness that causes skin rashes and mucus membrane blisters on the legs, arms and belly. The body manufactures autoantibodies by mistake, causing a chain reaction that results in a separation between the inner layer of tissue and the skin above it. Various forms have been recorded depending on the site of blister development, including bullous (arms and legs), cicatricial (mucous membrane of eyes, mouth and nose) and pemphigoid gestations (occurs during pregnancy). It can occur at any age, including children, but it primarily affects the elderly.

Inflammatory Myopathy Learn More

Description of Inflammatory Myopathy
Inflammatory Myopathy is a category of autoimmune chronic disorders that induce muscle inflammation, as well as muscle weakening and pain. Dermatomyositis, polymyositis and inclusion body myositis (IBM) are the three kinds of inflammatory myopathy. Because it is an autoimmune disease, the immune system of the body targets the muscles. It is an uncommon condition that affects both adults and children.

Uveitis Learn More

What exactly is uveitis?
Uveitis is an inflammation of the uvea, the central layer of the eye. Autoimmune uveitis is characterised by inflammatory alterations in the eye tissue generated by an autoimmune reaction to self-antigens or by an inflammatory reaction in response to an external stimulation. It's linked to a systemic autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorder. The location of the inflammation in the eye determines the type of uveitis. There are four types of uveitis: anterior (front), posterior (rear), intermediate (middle) and pan-uveitis (all areas of the eye).

Microscopic Polyangiitis Learn More

Definition of Microscopic Polyangiitis
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a rare autoimmune illness that causes blood vessel inflammation. Inflamed arteries expand and weaken and they may rupture, resulting in tissue bleeding. This may result in further organ damage. Some of the most typically damaged organs are the kidneys, lungs, skin, joints and nerves. The immune system is crucial in the development of microscopic polyangiitis.

Inflammatory Disorder

Behcet's Disease Learn More

Exactly what is Behcet's Disease?
Behcet's Disease is an uncommon kind of vasculitis that causes inflammation of blood vessels of all sizes and types throughout the body, including veins and arteries. It is an autoimmune illness in which the body's immune system incorrectly assaults its own blood vessel cells, causing inflammation. Behcet's Disease is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental causes. Environmental variables, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, enhance an individual's susceptibility to Behcet's Disease.

Description of Test

Our advanced genetic testing panels provide in-depth, clinically relevant insights into how your DNA influences health, disease risk, behaviour, and treatment response. Each test is designed to evaluate specific genetic traits, enabling early risk identification, personalised prevention strategies, and informed medical and lifestyle decisions.

Nutrigenomics (32 traits): Examines how your genes interact with nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients to deliver ultra-personalised dietary recommendations.

Gastrointestinal Disorders (11 traits): Identifies genetic risks related to digestion, nutrient absorption, food intolerances, IBS, inflammatory and autoimmune gut conditions.

Lifestyle Genomics (10 traits): Provides insights into metabolism, vitamin utilisation, skin health, behavioural traits, mental wellbeing, and sport suitability for lifestyle optimisation.

Fitness Genomics (14 traits): Assesses genetic influences on strength, endurance, recovery rate, injury risk, metabolism, and cardio-respiratory fitness to design customised training programmes.

Immunology (18 traits): Assesses inherited immune deficiencies and autoimmune risk factors, supporting early intervention and long-term immune health management.

All panels together provide a comprehensive, detailed report you will receive after taking this DNA test, empowering proactive healthcare decisions, personalised treatment planning, and long-term wellbeing.

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